Chemical analysis and classification of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) based on their country of origin using mass spectrometric methods and chemometrics

The current study applied gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), liquid (LC-MS), and thermal desorption direct analysis in real-time mass (TD-DART-MS) methods to the of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) samples from different countries. powder were analyzed directly by TD-DART-MS without any extraction, but for GC–MS LC-MS methods, a methanol extraction procedure was employed before analysis. Various compounds, such as piperamides terpenes, detected. Partial least squares-discriminant (PLS-DA) used classify based on their origins. Total ion spectrum (TMS) data profiles GC–MS, LC-MS, constructed evaluated performance classification. A cubic-root transformation tested preprocessing found be effective improving classification rates. average rates PLS-DA models with GC–MS-cubic-root-TMS, LC-MS-cubic-root-TMS, DART-MS-cubic-root-TMS representations 94.1 ± 0.6%, 87.7 97.0 0.3% respectively, 100-time bootstrapped-Latin-partition cross-validation. This presents first time plant-based food materials using TD-DART-MS, it has been demonstrated simple high-throughput method studies.